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The recent detection and continued concern surrounding the New World Screwworm (NWS) has generated significant attention throughout the livestock industry. While many producers associate screwworm with cattle, it is equally important for sheep and goat producers to understand the risks this pest poses to their operations.
Although New World Screwworm was eradicated from the United States decades ago, recent detections closer to U.S. borders have heightened awareness and reinforced the importance of vigilance among livestock owners. Early detection and reporting remain critical to protecting the livestock industry.
What Is New World Screwworm?
Unlike common fly maggots that feed on dead or decaying tissue, New World Screwworm larvae feed on living flesh. Adult female flies are attracted to wounds, where they lay eggs. Once hatched, the larvae burrow into the tissue and begin feeding, causing severe damage that can rapidly worsen if left untreated.
Because the larvae feed in a screw-like pattern within the wound, the pest earned the name "screwworm."
Why Small Ruminant Producers Should Be Concerned
Sheep and goats often experience situations that create opportunities for screwworm infestation, including:
- Ear tag placement
- Castration
- Dehorning or disbudding
- Shearing cuts
- Predator injuries
- Fence-related wounds
- Hoof problems and foot rot
- Umbilical wounds in newborn lambs and kids
Even minor wounds can attract adult flies under the right conditions.
Young animals may be particularly vulnerable because of navels and other healing tissues following birth.
Signs to Watch For
Producers should routinely inspect their animals and be alert for:
- Wounds that do not heal properly
- Foul-smelling discharge
- Excessive irritation around a wound
- Animals isolating themselves from the flock
- Loss of appetite
- Depression or weakness
- Visible maggots within a wound
In severe cases, infestations can lead to secondary infections, reduced performance, and even death if treatment is delayed.
Prevention Is Key
The best defense against screwworm is prevention and routine observation.
Small ruminant producers should:
Schedule Management Practices Carefully
When possible, plan procedures such as castration, tagging, and dehorning during periods of lower fly activity and monitor animals closely afterward.
The Importance of Early Reporting
One of the most important tools in protecting the livestock industry is rapid reporting of suspicious cases.
If you observe unusual wound infestations or suspect screwworm involvement, contact your veterinarian or state animal health officials immediately. Early identification helps prevent the pest from becoming established and reduces the risk of spread to neighboring operations.
Staying Vigilant
While the average producer may never encounter New World Screwworm, awareness is essential. Sheep and goats can be particularly susceptible due to the routine management practices and environmental conditions often associated with small ruminant production.
A few extra minutes spent checking animals for wounds and monitoring healing can make a significant difference in protecting your flock.
As the livestock industry continues to monitor developments related to New World Screwworm, producers are encouraged to stay informed through NC Cooperative Extension, veterinarians, and animal health officials.
If you have questions please call the office at (828) 652-8104. |
